XBB毒株如何预防？是否主要攻击肠道？张伯礼最新解读！
<section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); visibility: visible; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">致病力如何？会否二次感染？如何预防？……张伯礼院士解读XBB毒株热点问题</strong></span></section><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><span style="font-size: 16px;">近期，奥密克戎新变种XBB毒株引发各方关注。中国疾控中心4日发布信息称，我国短期内XBB系列变异株引发大规模流行的可能性低。那么，这一新毒株的特点是什么？致病力如何？会否引起二次感染？是否主要攻击肠道？该如何预防？引发二次感染怎么办？针对社会关切的热点问题，新华社记者独家专访中国工程院院士张伯礼。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">关注点一：新毒株特点是什么？<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/></strong></span>张伯礼：目前，国内有境外输入XBB.1.5毒株的报道，但仅在极少数入境隔离人员中检出，尚未在社会面上造成本土传播。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/>从国外研究数据看，相较于BQ.1毒株和先前的BA.5毒株，XBB.1.5毒株的传播速度更快。纽约的一项研究显示，从发现毒株到达到30%的毒株感染比例，BQ.1毒株用了26天，而XBB.1.5毒株仅用了17天。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/>XBB.1.5与同族的毒株不同，它有一个额外的关键突变F486P，使其具有更高的人ACE2受体结合亲和力，免疫逃逸能力更高。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/>新型冠状病毒属于RNA病毒，由于病毒的遗传物质为单链RNA，结构不稳定，变异频率较高，在今后还可能会变异。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">关注点二：新毒株致病力如何？</strong></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>张伯礼：根据现有的研究数据，XBB毒株的致病力与其他亚系相当。新加坡去年10月至11月的XBB疫情高峰，并没有带来明显的死亡人数高峰。根据新加坡政府2022年10月14日发布的信息，没有证据表明XBB比以前的变异株更具有致病力。甚至与BA.5毒株相比，XBB的住院风险降低了30%。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>2022年10月27日，世界卫生组织发表声明，认为截至当前，没有数据支持XBB导致疾病的严重程度与BA.5存在显著差异。当前没有证据表明XBB毒株的致病力较其他毒株增强，也没有证据显示XBB毒株对胃肠道和心血管系统具有特殊的致病力。感染XBB亚型毒株的症状仍以呼吸道症状为主，主要包括发热、鼻塞、咽痛、头痛、疲劳等，与BA.5毒株的症状类似。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注点三：新毒株会否引起二次感</strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">染？<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></strong></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>张伯礼：二次感染新冠病毒的概率主要与人体免疫水平、病毒株变异，以及后期个人防护有关。目前XBB毒株和我国流行的BA.5有所差异，随着感染BA.5后一段时间，人体免疫水平下降，遇到免疫逃逸能力强的新毒株，再感染的风险会一定程度增加。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>不过大家也不用过于担心，在新冠病毒感染后，人体免疫系统已在发挥作用。当前临床观察，感染后3到6个月内发生新冠病毒二次感染的概率还是比较低的。免疫功能正常的人群在短时间内再次感染风险比较小，而且感染后的症状通常比第一次轻微，但也有个别报告症状会加重。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注点四：新毒株是否主要攻击肠道？<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></strong></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>张伯礼：部分感染了新冠的患者确实会出现呕吐、腹泻等消化道症状。从国外的报道来看，XBB毒株也同样可能造成腹泻，但从目前收集到的资料来看，并没有出现更常见或更严重的迹象。XBB毒株还是以侵犯呼吸道为主，因而“XBB主要攻击肠道”的说法并不准确。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>感染新冠后出现腹泻的原因有很多，可能是由于病毒感染肠道，引起了病毒性肠炎；也有可能是病毒产生的毒素诱发了胃肠功能紊乱；还有可能是药物引起的腹泻。新冠病毒感染造成的腹泻通常比较轻微，一般不需要药物治疗，短期内就能自行缓解。如果腹泻严重，则应补充丢失的液体和电解质，通常口服补液就可以达到治疗效果，而不是盲目服用止泻药、抗菌药。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注点五：新毒株该如何预防？<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></strong></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>张伯礼：对抗新冠病毒的“主力”是自身免疫力，因此，囤药不如囤“好身体”。调整好身体状态，注意休息，适量多饮水，多吃新鲜水果蔬菜，保证营养的摄入，保持良好的情绪，提高机体免疫力。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>对于新冠康复者，疫情期间预防二次感染最好的办法，仍是落实好防护措施，包括戴口罩、注意手卫生、勤通风、保持社交距离等，特别是对老年人和儿童“阳转阴”患者，应当保暖、尽量少聚集、保证良好的卫生习惯、注意营养饮食，增强免疫力，降低再次感染风险。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>感染新冠病毒后，康复者出现的一些持续性症状还需要积极干预，近三年来的诊疗经验表明，用中药、针灸、推拿以及传统功法等，能够促进患者愈后，改善乏力、气短等症状。采取积极的干预措施，促进治愈者的身心恢复到较好的状态也有助于预防二次感染。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关注点六：新毒株引发二次感染怎么办？<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></strong></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>张伯礼：如果出现再次感染，一定要首先分清“复阳”与二次感染。“复阳”发生在转阴后2至3周内，患者一般无明显临床症状，主要是体内残留病毒片段在排出过程中被检测出的阳性，一般没有传染性；而二次感染一般发生在首次感染后数月至一年内，相当于一次新的感染，一般有临床症状出现，并且病毒核酸载量较高，具有传染性。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>“复阳”患者无须再治疗，注意休息，合理膳食和营养即可。而二次感染的患者则需再次进行规范治疗，并严格做好个人防护，做好自我隔离，注意对家人、同事的保护，降低疫情传播的风险。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.6em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); visibility: visible;">来源：新华社</span></section><p></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//bbs.jjxw.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_eK9" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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